FDA scientists have two methods for monitoring inorganic Arsenic in apple cider. For total arsenic measurements, FDA scientists use ICP-MS (inductively coupled mass spectrumtry) first. The second method is speciation analysis. This determines the relative amount inorganic or organic arsenic present in the sample. The former method is more sensitive to low levels of arsenic, while the latter is more sensitive at higher concentrations.
Sources and uses of inorganic arsenic within apple juice
Low levels of inorganic Arsenic are found in apple juice, which can have toxic effects. Food and Drug Administration, however, has advised consumers to be aware and take preventative measures to reduce the risk of arsenic. The agency currently monitors imported juice and has ordered 90 samples for testing by year's end. It also responded to requests from consumer groups for more stringent limits on heavy elements in apple products.
According to the FDA's surveillance program on arsenic levels in food, apples have very low arsenic levels compared with other fruits and vegetables. However, some organic species of arsenic have shown toxicity in animal studies, such as dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV). In addition, DMAV is a carcinogen in rats, although these studies are based on animal studies, and metabolic differences may differ in humans.
Carcinogenicity inorganic arsenic
It is unknown how much inorganic arsenic apples juice contain, but there have been studies that show it is not carcinogenic. A study of 168 preschoolers showed that 11% consumed 12 ounces per day. This is equivalent to 3.5 mg iAs per person. This study shows that a high arsenic end rate could increase the average daily intake by 39 to 78%. FDA's juice limit is based upon a 10 ppb action level, which allows for background levels during potentially vulnerable life stages.
The FDA is currently monitoring levels of inorganic arsenic in various food products. The agency has proposed action levels for arsenic in rice and fruit juices, but these levels have not been implemented yet. Although the FDA did send a warning letter about apple juice manufacturing in 2012, it has not yet produced enforceable standards to regulate the amount of arsenic in apple cider.
EPA limit for inorganic arousic in drinking waters
The EPA has established a limit on inorganic arsenic in apple juice and drinking water. This is based on a study of 94 samples. According to the EPA, arsenic levels in drinking water should not exceed 10 parts per billion. However, some consumer groups say the limit should be increased.
The FDA has previously examined the levels of inorganic Arsenic in apple products. Survey results showed that most samples were below the EPA limit of inorganic arsenic. Four samples, however, exceeded the limit of total arsenic.
Arsenic is a highly toxic element that has been used as a poison for thousands of years. Even small amounts can be fatal. It has been linked directly to bladder, lung, or skin cancer. It increases your risk of developing heart disease and immune deficiencies.